Psychology Themes And Variations Briefer International Edition 9th Edition By Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

Chapter 11 NON-Multiple Choice

COMPLETION

1.The concept of personality is used to explain the ____________________ in a person’s behavior over time and the ____________________ among people reacting to the same situation.

ANS: consistency; distinctiveness

PTS: 1 REF: The Nature of Personality OBJ: 11.1

2.In the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____________________ tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.

ANS: neuroticism

PTS: 1 REF: The Nature of Personality OBJ: 11.12

3.Janine has extremely strong moral standards. However, whenever she fails to live up to the high standards she sets for herself, she becomes overwhelmed by feelings of guilt. Freud would most likely suggest that Janine’s personality is dominated by her ____________________.

ANS: superego

PTS: 1 REF: Psychodynamic Perspectives OBJ: 11.3

4.Inga keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried. According to Sigmund Freud, she is using ____________________ to ward off anxiety.

ANS: repression

PTS: 1 REF: Psychodynamic Perspectives OBJ: 11.4

5.The Oedipal complex, of such great importance in Freud’s thinking, occurs during the ____________________ stage of psychosexual development.

ANS: phallic

PTS: 1 REF: Psychodynamic Perspectives OBJ: 11.4

6.Carl Jung proposed the existence of the ____________________, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past; Alfred Adler emphasized how people strive for ____________________ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

ANS: collective unconscious; superiority

PTS: 1 REF: Psychodynamic Perspectives OBJ: 11.15

7.____________________’s followers view personality as a collection of response tendencies that are shaped by learning and tied to specific stimulus situations.

ANS: Skinner

PTS: 1 REF: Behavioral Perspectives OBJ: 11.7

8.In explaining why Lydia is cheerful, conscientious, and willing to share, a psychologist who took an observational learning perspective toward personality development would consider Lydia’s ____________________.

ANS: models

PTS: 1 REF: Behavioral Perspectives OBJ: 11.7

9.Walter Mischel’s provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the ____________________in determining behavior.

ANS: situation

PTS: 1 REF: Behavioral Perspectives OBJ: 11.8

10.The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth and unique human qualities is _________________.

ANS: humanism

PTS: 1 REF: Humanistic Perspectives OBJ: 11.9

11.According to Carl Rogers, people with highly ____________________ self-concepts are especially likely to be plagued by recurrent anxiety.

ANS: incongruent

PTS: 1 REF: Humanistic Perspectives OBJ: 11.9

12.In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the ____________________ needs are considered to be the most basic and the first priority.

ANS: physiological

PTS: 1 REF: Humanistic Perspectives OBJ: 11.10

13.According to Hans Eysenck, personality is determined largely by a person’s _____________.

ANS: genes

PTS: 1 REF: Biological Perspectives OBJ: 11.11