Test Bank for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 4th Edition Laura D. Frost

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Test Bank for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 4th Edition, Frost,

Table of Contents

1 Chemistry Basics- Matter and Measurement

1.1 Classifying Matter: Pure Substance or Mixture

1.2 Elements, Compounds, and Periodic Table

1.3 How matter Changes

1.4 Math Counts

1.5 Matter: The “Stuff” of Chemistry

1.6 Measuring Matter

2 Atoms and Radioactivity

2.1 Atoms and Their Components

2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number

2.3 Isotopes and Atomic Mass

2.4 Radioactivity and Radioisotopes

2.5 Nuclear Equations and Radioactive Decay

2.6 Radiation Units and Half-Lives

2.7 Medical Applications for Radioisotopes

3 Compounds- How Elements Combine

3.1 Electron Arrangements and the Octet Rule

3.2 In Search of an Octet, Part 1: Ion Formation

3.3 Ionic Compounds- Electron Give and Take

3.4 In Search of an Octet, Part 2: Covalent Bond Formation

3.5 The Mole: Counting Atoms and Compounds

3.6 Getting Covalent Compounds into Shape

3.7 Electronegativity and Molecular Polarity

4 Introduction to Organic Compounds

4.1 Representing the Structures of Organic Compounds

4.2 Alkanes: The Simplest Organic Compounds

4.3 Families of Organic Compounds- Functional Groups

4.4 Nomenclature of Simple Alkanes

4.5 Isomerism in Organic Compounds

5 Chemical Reactions

5.1 Thermodynamics

5.2 Chemical Reactions: Kinetics

5.3 Overview of Chemical Reactions

5.4 Oxidation and Reduction

5.5 Organic Reactions: Condensation and Hydrolysis

5.6 Organic Addition Reactions to Alkenes

6 Carbohydrates- Life’s Sweet Molecules

6.1 Classes of Carbohydrates

6.2 Function Groups in Monosaccharides

6.3 Stereochemistry in Monosaccharides

6.4 Reactions of Monosaccharides

6.5 Disaccharides

6.6 Polysaccharides

6.7 Carbohydrates and Blood

7 States of Matter and Their Attractive Forces: Gas Laws, Solubility, and Applications to the Cell Membrane

7.1 Gases and Gas Laws

7.2 Liquids and Solids: Predicting Properties Through Attractive Forces

7.3 Attractive Forces and Solubility

7.4 Dietary Lipids

7.5 Attractive Forces and the Cell Membrane

8 Solution Chemistry- Sugar and Water Do Mix

8.1 Solutions Are Mixtures

8.2 Formation of Solutions

8.3 Chemical Equations for Solution Formation

8.4 Concentration

8.5 Dilution

8.6 Osmosis and Diffusion

8.7 Transport Across

9 Acids, Bases, and Buffers in the Body

9.1 Acids and Bases- Definitions

9.2 Strong Acids and Bases

9.3 Chemical Equilibrium

9.4 Weak Acids and Bases

9.5 pH and the pH Scale

9.6 pKa

9.7 The Relationship Between pH, pKa, Drug Solubility, and Diffusion

9.8 Buffers and Blood- The Bicarbonate Buffer System

10 Proteins- Workers of the Cell

10.1 Amino Acids- The Building Blocks

10.2 Protein Formation

10.3 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

10.4 Denaturation of Proteins

10.5 Protein Functions

10.6 Enzymes- Life’s Catalysts

10.7 Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity

11 Nucleic Acids- Big Molecules with a Big Role

11.1 Components of Nucleic Acids

11.2 Nucleic Acid Formation

11.3 DNA

11.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis

11.5 Putting It Together: The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis

11.6 Genetic Mutations

11.7 Viruses

11.8 Recombinant DNA Technology

12 Food as Fuel- An Overview of Metabolism

12.1 How Metabolism Works

12.2 Metabolically Relevant Nucleotides

12.3 Digestion- From Food Molecules to Hydrolysis Products

12.4 Glycolysis- From Hydrolysis Production to Common Metabolites

12.5 The Citric Acid Cycle- Central Processing

12.6 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

12.7 ATP Production

12.8 Other Fuel Choices